RHODIOLA ROSEA

The salidroside content contributes a lot to the properties of Rhodiola, and is the main active bioactive component in Rhodiola rosea. A number of studies have revealed that salidroside exhibits neuroprotective activities, including anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-Parkinson’s disease, anti-Huntington’s disease, anti-stroke, anti-depressive effects, and anti-traumatic brain injury; it is also useful for improving cognitive function, treating addiction, and preventing epilepsy. The mechanisms underlying the potential protective effects of salidroside involvement are the regulation of oxidative stress response, inflammation, apoptosis, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotransmission, neural regeneration, and the cholinergic system. Being free of side effects makes salidroside potentially attractive as a candidate drug for the treatment of neurological disorders. It is evident from the available published literature that salidroside has potential use

as a beneficial therapeutic medicine with high efficacy and low toxicity to the central nervous system. An in vitro study in Aβ1–42-induced AD PC12 cell lines determined that salidroside reduced cytotoxicity, attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and decreased intracellular malondialdehyde by activating antioxidant enzymes in a dose-dependent manner after 3 h pre-incubation with salidroside (1, 5, 10, and 50 mg/mL). Furthermore, pretreatment with salidroside (10, 50, and 100 μM) was shown to significantly inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis in Aβ25–35-induced SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro via increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, modulating apoptosis-related protein expression, and restoring anomalies in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ROS production. In addition, it was found that salidroside (5, 100, and 200 μM) decreased Aβ levels in Aβ1–42-incubated primary neurons via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Salidroside (2, 6, and 20 μM) also improved both the longevity and locomotor activity of Tao transgenic Drosophila in a dose-dependent manner. These studies revealed that the protective effects of salidroside were due to the up-regulation of total p-GSK3β and down-regulation of p-tau.

PUBLISHED ARTICLES :

** Aging Dis. 2019 Feb 1;10(1):134-146.doi:10.14336/AD.2018.0511.eCollection 2019 Feb.

Rosenroot (Rhodiola): Potential Applications in Aging-related Diseases

** PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29641.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029641. Epub 2012 Jan 3.

Protective effects of a Rhodiola crenulata extract and salidroside on hippocampal neurogenesis against streptozotocin-induced neural injury in the rat

** Front Pharmacol. 2021 Nov 5;12:736198.doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.736198. eCollection 2021.

Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms of Rhodiola rosea L. and Its Components for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

** Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018 May 24;12:1479-1489.doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S160776.

Pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, and safety of salidroside in the central nervous system

** Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Jan 21;13:809433.doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.809433. eCollection 2021.

Salidroside Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease by Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis

** Chin Med. 2022 Jul 4;17(1):82.doi: 10.1186/s13020-022-00634-3.

Salidroside attenuates neuronal ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway in Aβ1-42-induced Alzheimer's disease mice and glutamate-injured HT22 cells

** Cell Biosci. 2022 Nov 4;12(1):180.doi: 10.1186/s13578-022-00918-z.

Salidroside reduces neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease models by targeting NRF2/SIRT3 pathway