PAEONIA SUFFRUTICOSA

Three-dimensional HPLC analysis revealed that a water extract of the herb contained several different chemical compounds including 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (PGG). No obvious adverse/toxic were found following treatment with PGG. As was observed with Paeonia suffruticosa, PGG alone inhibited Aβ fibril formation and destabilized pre-formed Aβ fibrils in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that both Paeonia suffruticosa and its active constituent PGG have strong inhibitory effects on formation of Aβ fibrils in vitro and in vivo. PGG is likely to be a safe and promising lead compound in the development of disease-modifying drugs to prevent and/or cure Alzheimer’s Disease. PGG inhibited Aβ oligomerization in experiments,. Moreover, treatment of SK-N-SH cells with PGG significantly protected the cells from Aβ1–42 toxicity at concentrations similar to those that inhibited Aβ aggregation. PGG inhibited not only Aβ fibril formation but also neurotoxic Aβ oligomer formation. Furthermore, oral intake of PGG reduced Aβ plaque burden and Aβ peptide content in brain tissue from Tg2576 mice, as did like Paeonia suffruticosa. The decrease in Aβ plaques and Aβ peptide content in brain tissue from Tg2576 mice by PGG may be caused by destabilization of Aβ fibrils. Paeonia suffruticosa seed coat extracts (PSCE) and its 10 stilbenes display good inhibition of AChE and BuChE activities and significantly increase the viability of normal and OGD/R-injured PC12 cells. PSCE improves the cognitive performance of scopolamine-treated mice in behavioural tests. Meanwhile, PSCE increases AChE, ChAT, SOD, and CAT activities and ACh, GSH, IL-4 levels, and decreases IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α levels in the model animals.  Studies demonstrated that paeonol treatment can protect against many of the biochemical, morphological and behavioral changes resulting from amyloid-β administration in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. The results suggest that paeonol is a potential therapeutic agent in slowing down the pathogenic processes associated with the disease. A study conducted on ICR mice (albino mice) in a D-galactose assay injected subcutaneously for 60 days at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day showed that paeonol at 50 and 100 mg/kg, together with D-galactose, increased acetylcholine and glutathione levels, restored superoxide dismutase activity and Na+/K+-ATPase levels, and decreased MDA levels and cholinesterase activity. In addition, paeonol alleviated neuronal damage in both the hippocampus and temporal cortex. It was also confirmed that 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose inhibits the formation and destabilizes the pre-formation of amyloid-β fibrils in in vitro and in vivo models. 

PUBLISHED ARTICLES :

** Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:932823.doi: 10.1155/2012/932823.Epub 2012 Mar 13.

Paeonol Protects Memory after Ischemic Stroke via Inhibiting β-Secretase and Apoptosis

** J Oleo Sci. 2021 Aug 5;70(8):1133-1146.doi: 10.5650/jos.ess21040. Epub 2021 Jul 9.

Enzyme-assisted Solvent Extraction of High-yield Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. Seed Oil and Fatty Acid Composition and Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Activity

** Molecules. 2022 Apr 29;27(9):2829.doi: 10.3390/molecules27092829.

Chemical Diversity and Potential Target Network of Woody Peony Flower Essential Oil from Eleven Representative Cultivars ( Paeonia × suffruticosa Andr.)

** Front Pharmacol. 2022 Aug 12;13:952876.doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.952876.eCollection 2022.

Integrating network pharmacology analysis and pharmacodynamic evaluation for exploring the active components and molecular mechanism of moutan seed coat extract to improve cognitive impairment

** J Neurochem. 2009 Jun;109(6):1648-57.doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06069.x.Epub 2009 May 7.

A traditional medicinal herb Paeonia suffruticosa and its active constituent 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose have potent anti-aggregation effects on Alzheimer's amyloid beta proteins in vitro and in vivo

** Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:3704647. doi: 10.1155/2016/3704647. Epub 2016 Dec 22. 

Neuroprotective Effect of Paeonol Mediates Anti-Inflammation via Suppressing Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathways in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injured Rats

** J Integr Neurosci. 2021 Dec 30;20(4):1001-1010. doi: 10.31083/j.jin2004101. 

Paeonol administration alleviates cognitive deficits and attenuates neural pathological changes in APP/PS1 mice

** Molecules. 2015 Jan 14;20(1):1304-18.doi: 10.3390/molecules20011304. 

Synthesis and evaluation of paeonol derivatives as potential multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

** PLoS One. 2017 Sep 21;12(9):e0185102.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185102.eCollection 2017. 

Novel derivative of Paeonol, Paeononlsilatie sodium, alleviates behavioral damage and hippocampal dendritic injury in Alzheimer's disease concurrent with cofilin1/phosphorylated-cofilin1 and RAC1/CDC42 alterations in rats